Biographical Notes

Since 2016, the Sustainable Development Report (SDR) has provided the most up-to-date data available to track and rank the performance of all UN member states on the SDGs. Eighty years after the creation of the UN system, the report also provides improved and updated measures to track countries’ efforts to support UN-based multilateralism. In total, more than 200,000 individual data points are used to produce 200+ country and regional SDG profiles. This year’s edition was authored by a group of independent experts at the SDG Transformation Center, an initiative of the SDSN. This year’s SDR emphasizes the following eight key messages:
1. Global commitment to the SDGs is strong.
2. East and South Asia has outperformed all other regions in SDG progress since 2015.
3. Other countries that have progressed more rapidly than their peers include the following: Benin (Sub-Saharan Africa), Nepal (East and South Asia), Peru (Latin America and the Caribbean), the United Arab Emirates (Middle East and North Africa), Uzbekistan (Eastern Europe and Central Asia), Costa Rica (OECD), and Saudi Arabia (G20).
4. European countries continue to top the SDG Index. Finland ranks first this year and 19 of the top 20 countries are in Europe. Yet even these countries face significant challenges in achieving at least two goals, including those related to climate and biodiversity. In this year’s SDG Index, China (#49) and India (#99) have entered the top 50 and top 100 performers respectively.
5. On average globally, the SDGs are far off-track. At the global level, none of the 17 goals are currently on course to be achieved by 2030. Conflicts, structural vulnerabilities, and limited fiscal space impede SDG progress in many parts of the world. But while only 17 percent of the targets are on track to be achieved worldwide, most UN member states have made strong progress on targets related to access to basic services and infrastructure.
6. Barbados ranks first and the United States ranks last in UN-based multilateralism. Barbados stands out as the country most committed to UN-based multilateralism, while the United States ranks last in this year’s Index of countries’ support for UN-based multilateralism (UN-Mi). In early 2025, the United States announced its withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement and the World Health Organization (WHO) and formally declared its opposition to the SDGs and the 2030 Agenda. Among G20 countries, Brazil is the most committed to UN-based multilateralism, with Chile leading among OECD countries.
7. For many developing countries, a lack of fiscal space is the major obstacle to SDG progress.
8. Sustainable development offers high returns: capital should flow to the emerging and developing countries on more favourable terms.